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Models of Injury Occurrence, Prevention and Prediction

of whether the measures have actually reduced the incidence and
severity of injuries.
Van Mechelen’s model is highly useful in practice, but it is primarily
focused on the research process itself, progressing from describing the
problem to evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures.

Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice:
From Research to Practice
In later years, Finch (2006) emphasised that it is not sufficient to know
what works in a research setting; it is equally important to understand
how such findings can be transferred into practice (onto the field of play,
into clubs, and to coaches and athletes).
The Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) mod-
el (Table 4.2) was therefore developed as a bridge between research and
practice. It incorporates environmental context and feasibility consid-
erations and highlights the importance of implementation and compli-
ance. The model consists of six stages:
1. Describing the problem: What is the incidence and severity of in-
juries?
2. Identifying risk factors and injury mechanisms.
3. Developing preventive measures: What might work?
4. Scientifically testing preventive measures: examining their effective-
ness under controlled conditions.
5. Implementing measures in practice: How to transfer the interven-
tion into the sporting environment while taking into account cul-
ture, coaches, athletes, and available resources?
6. Evaluating effectiveness in real-world settings: monitoring whether

Table 4.2 The Six Stages of the Translating Research into Injury Prevention
Practice (TRIPP) Model Describing Sport and Exercise Medicine
Research in the Field of Injury Prevention
1 Injury surveillance
2 Establish aetiology and mechanisms of injury
3 Develop preventive measures
4 ‘Ideal conditions’ scientific evaluation
5 Describe intervention context to inform implementation strategies
6 Evaluate effectiveness of preventive measures in implementation context
Notes Adapted from Finch (2006).

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