Page 319 - International Perspectives on Effective Teaching and Learning in Digital Education

Assessment Tools for Non-Technical Skills

to develop and assess NTS in a controlled and reproducible manner (Lee et
al., 4). Furthermore, the accessibility of digital simulations has been en-
hanced by the emergence of cloud-based platforms and remote learning
tools, enabling training to extend beyond traditional physical simulation
centres (Chernikova et al., ). However, the integration of these technolo-
gies into standardised digital education frameworks remains a challenge. Ac-
cording to the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators
(DigCompEdu), effective use of digital tools in education requires structured
implementation, including alignment with competency-based learning out-
comes and faculty training (Redecker & Punie, 17). Ensuring that digital sim-
ulation aligns with such frameworks will support its broader adoption and
enhance its impact on healthcare education.
There are several limitations to our systematic review. Firstly, our literature
search was conducted using only two research databases. While these data-
bases are comprehensive and encompass a wide range of studies, it would be
unrealistic to assume that our search captured all relevant studies. Secondly,
our review was purely exploratory in nature and no standardised quality as-
sessment instrument was used for the evaluation of the measurement prop-
erties of the identified NTS tools. We would therefore recommend that future
studies adopt a more rigorous methodological approach and use a validated
instrument specifically designed to assess the quality of measurement tools.

Conclusion
Among the plethora of tools designed to assess NTS, the TEAM tool is a par-
ticularly noteworthy recommendation for use in multidisciplinary, simula-
tion-based clinical education. Nevertheless, further evidence is required to
support the validity and reliability of other NTS tools. Further research is re-
quired to confirm the efficacy of these tools for consistent use in multidisci-
plinary simulation training.

References
Alegret, N., Usart, M., Valle, A., De la Flor, A. R., Subirana, L., & Valero, R. (3).
Improvement of teamwork nontechnical skills through polytrauma
simulation cases using the Communication and Teamwork Skills (CATS)
assessment tool. Journal of Surgical Education, 80(5), 76–713.
Anderson, J., & Abrahamson, K. (17). Your health care may kill you: Medical
errors. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 234, 13–17.

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