Page 127 - Izobraževanje v dobi generativne umetne inteligence

Comparative Analysis of AI Regulation in Education Across Western Balkan Countries

for students. The national education strategy for the period from 2021 to 2026
is aimed at improving education at all levels. However, although the impor-
tance of digitization is emphasized, artificial intelligence is not directly men-
tioned in the strategic documents. In Albania, the foundation for digitization
through basic digital skills is still being laid, but there is no specific legal fra-
mework for AI in education.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is also investing in digital skills and the general di-
gitization of the education system. However, a specific framework for artificial
intelligence has not yet been developed. Due to the complex political stru-
cture and the division of competences in education, each entity and canton
has its own plans and priorities, which further complicates the introduction
of a unified strategy for AI. The main goal is to equalize access to education
and improve digital competences among pupils and students, but AI is still
not in the focus of educational strategies.
Kosovo faces special challenges in education, where general literacy and
the development of basic educational skills are a priority. Despite this, Kosovo
has established a digital platform, Shkollat.org, in cooperation with UNICEF
and Microsoft, which provides students with digital content and supports di-
gital learning. Although artificial intelligence is not explicitly covered in the
current laws, the Shkollat.org platform has the potential to be expanded in
the future to include AI-supported functionalities.
In Montenegro, digital transformation is recognized as an important goal,
and there are different strategies that aim to improve digital skills and align
the education system with the needs of the labour market. The digital strate-
gy of Montenegro for the period 2022 to 2026 recognizes AI as a tool for data
management and decision-making, but its use in education has not yet been
specifically elaborated.
North Macedonia, on the other hand, has begun efforts to develop a Natio-
nal Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, although this initiative has not yet been
implemented into a concrete framework. The focus is on modernizing the edu-
cation system and aligning it with European standards, but AI is still not inclu-
ded in education plans and laws. There are initiatives to modernize and adapt
VET (vocational training) programs to the needs of the labor market, including
technologies such as AI in certain segments, but this is still in its infancy.
Serbia stands out as the country with the most developed strategy for arti-
ficial intelligence in the Western Balkans. Strategy for the development of AI
in Serbia for the period 2020–2025. includes plans to apply AI in education,
with an emphasis on improving digital skills and adapting the curriculum to
prepare students for future jobs. Serbia has already introduced content re-

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