Page 126 - Izobraževanje v dobi generativne umetne inteligence

Lejla Turulja and Amra Kapo

roadmap for policymakers, educators, and researchers interested in managing
AI in education.
Keywords: artificial intelligence regulation, education, Western Balkans
© 2025 Lejla Turulja in Amra Kapo
https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-293-431-6.5

Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming education worldwide, bringing new
opportunities to personalize learning, improve student outcomes, and in-
crease the efficiency of educational processes (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019;
Holmes et al., 2019). This technology allows educational institutions and te-
achers to adapt teaching material to the needs of each student through AI-
-based tools, thus increasing their involvement and motivation (Luckin et al.,
2016). In addition, AI’s role in data analysis and prediction helps schools and
universities make informed decisions about educational strategies and reso-
urces (Roll & Wylie, 2016). Although the advantages of AI are recognized glo-
bally, the application of this technology varies between regions and depends
on local educational policies and the readiness of institutions to adopt new
technologies (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2017). Through the introduction of AI,
education becomes more dynamic and adapts to rapidly evolving social and
economic needs, providing students with key skills to succeed in the digital
age (Schleicher, 2018).
In the Western Balkans, there is a growing interest in improving the educati-
on system through digitization and modern technology. Among technological
innovations, artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as a special topic because it
offers new ways to learn and teach, allowing educational institutions to adapt
learning methods to the needs of each student. However, although many co-
untries in the region recognize the importance of digitization, they still face
challenges in implementing artificial intelligence in education systems.
In most countries of the Western Balkans, digitalization of education is alre-
ady included in education development strategies. Thus, plans were develo-
ped to improve digital literacy, introduce new digital tools into classrooms
and ensure access to the Internet and computers. The goal is to provide pu-
pils and students with the necessary skills so that they can successfully navi-
gate the modern digital world. But when it comes to specific strategies for ar-
tificial intelligence, most countries are just at the beginning of their journey.
Albania, for example, has made progress in digital transformation, and its
plans include improving digital infrastructure and ensuring basic digital skills

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