Page 34 - Petelin Ana. Ur. 2022. Zdravje otrok in mladostnikov / Health of children and adolescents. Proceedings. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press
P. 34
avje otrok in mladostnikov | health of children and adolescents 34 differences between weekdays and weekend for girls. In the youngest age group,
girls had significantly greater MVPA scores at weekend. In studies that looked
at the different phenotypes of PA on weekdays and weekends, gender differences
were found (McLellan et al., 2020; Pfitzner, Gorzelniak, Heinrich, von Berg, et
al., 2013). Another survey by Pfitzner et al. (2013) did not detect statistically sig-
nificant differences between weekdays and weekend days in boys and of border-
line significance in girls. Another study have shown that MVPA decreases with
age on both weekdays and weekend days (Nader et al., 2008). Unfortunately,
due to the difference in downloaded and processed accelerometer data, we can-
not compare our results with those of other studies that have found differenc-
es between weekdays and weekends. Different methods resulted from the differ-
ent wearing period, ranging from 5 (Volmut et al., 2021) to 7 days (Borghese et
al., 2017; Evenson et al., 2008; Konstabel et al., 2014; McLellan et al., 2020; Nad-
er et al., 2008; Pfitzner et al., 2013; Toftager et al., 2013) and the varying compli-
ant recording, ranging from at least 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day (Volmut et
al., 2021), to 3 weekdays and at least 1 weekend day (Konstabel et al., 2014; McLel-
lan et al., 2020), with some studies even recommending 5 weekdays and 2 week-
end days (Nader et al., 2008; Toftager et al., 2013) of at least 10 hours of awake
wearing time per day (Borghese et al., 2017; Konstabel et al., 2014; McLellan
et al., 2020). In our study, we used 10 consecutive days of wearing with the re-
quired compliant recording as in the studies by Nader et al. (2008) and Toftager
et al. (2013) and we used date of at least 10 hours. Second, in methodology, vari-
ous studies refer to different data collection at a sampling rate of 30 Hz (Pfitzner,
Gorzelniak, Heinrich, von Berg, et al., 2013) as we have used, or even of 80 Hz
(Borghese et al., 2017; McLellan et al., 2020) and downloaded in different epoha
lengths from 5-s (McLellan et al., 2020), to 30-s (Evenson et al., 2008; Toftager et
al., 2013) or even 60-s (Borghese et al., 2017; Konstabel et al., 2014; Pfitzner et al.,
2013; Volmut et al., 2021), which is the most commonly used epoch.
Our sample of gymnasts engage in training activities every day during
the weekdays and also one day at the weekend (Saturday). Unfortunately, they
still tend to spend more than 9 hours sedentary. The results regarding seden-
tary time showed no statistically significant differences between weekdays and
weekend (p = 0.065). To our knowledge, some studies have obtained similar
results showing that children and adolescents spend about 8 hours sedentary
(Borghese et al., 2017; McLellan et al., 2020) or even 10 hours (Pfitzner, Gorzel-
niak, Heinrich, von Berg, et al., 2013), which increases with age (Cooper et al.,
2015; Nader et al., 2008; Toftager et al., 2013). A study conducted on children
and adolescents from different countries around the word found that children
spend 3 or more hours sedentary, excluding time spent sitting at school and do-
ing homework (Guthold et al., 2010).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that gymnasts who are training almost every day (ex-
cept on Sunday) were more physically active and achieve WHO` recommenda-
girls had significantly greater MVPA scores at weekend. In studies that looked
at the different phenotypes of PA on weekdays and weekends, gender differences
were found (McLellan et al., 2020; Pfitzner, Gorzelniak, Heinrich, von Berg, et
al., 2013). Another survey by Pfitzner et al. (2013) did not detect statistically sig-
nificant differences between weekdays and weekend days in boys and of border-
line significance in girls. Another study have shown that MVPA decreases with
age on both weekdays and weekend days (Nader et al., 2008). Unfortunately,
due to the difference in downloaded and processed accelerometer data, we can-
not compare our results with those of other studies that have found differenc-
es between weekdays and weekends. Different methods resulted from the differ-
ent wearing period, ranging from 5 (Volmut et al., 2021) to 7 days (Borghese et
al., 2017; Evenson et al., 2008; Konstabel et al., 2014; McLellan et al., 2020; Nad-
er et al., 2008; Pfitzner et al., 2013; Toftager et al., 2013) and the varying compli-
ant recording, ranging from at least 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day (Volmut et
al., 2021), to 3 weekdays and at least 1 weekend day (Konstabel et al., 2014; McLel-
lan et al., 2020), with some studies even recommending 5 weekdays and 2 week-
end days (Nader et al., 2008; Toftager et al., 2013) of at least 10 hours of awake
wearing time per day (Borghese et al., 2017; Konstabel et al., 2014; McLellan
et al., 2020). In our study, we used 10 consecutive days of wearing with the re-
quired compliant recording as in the studies by Nader et al. (2008) and Toftager
et al. (2013) and we used date of at least 10 hours. Second, in methodology, vari-
ous studies refer to different data collection at a sampling rate of 30 Hz (Pfitzner,
Gorzelniak, Heinrich, von Berg, et al., 2013) as we have used, or even of 80 Hz
(Borghese et al., 2017; McLellan et al., 2020) and downloaded in different epoha
lengths from 5-s (McLellan et al., 2020), to 30-s (Evenson et al., 2008; Toftager et
al., 2013) or even 60-s (Borghese et al., 2017; Konstabel et al., 2014; Pfitzner et al.,
2013; Volmut et al., 2021), which is the most commonly used epoch.
Our sample of gymnasts engage in training activities every day during
the weekdays and also one day at the weekend (Saturday). Unfortunately, they
still tend to spend more than 9 hours sedentary. The results regarding seden-
tary time showed no statistically significant differences between weekdays and
weekend (p = 0.065). To our knowledge, some studies have obtained similar
results showing that children and adolescents spend about 8 hours sedentary
(Borghese et al., 2017; McLellan et al., 2020) or even 10 hours (Pfitzner, Gorzel-
niak, Heinrich, von Berg, et al., 2013), which increases with age (Cooper et al.,
2015; Nader et al., 2008; Toftager et al., 2013). A study conducted on children
and adolescents from different countries around the word found that children
spend 3 or more hours sedentary, excluding time spent sitting at school and do-
ing homework (Guthold et al., 2010).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that gymnasts who are training almost every day (ex-
cept on Sunday) were more physically active and achieve WHO` recommenda-
