Page 153 - Petelin Ana. Ur. 2022. Zdravje otrok in mladostnikov / Health of children and adolescents. Proceedings. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press
P. 153
position and BMI. They found that in 6-8-year-old children, different com- relationship of body mass index with some motor abilities of preschool children 153
ponents of body composition have different effects on the development of mo-
tor abilities. Thus, excess body fat may be a major morphological limitation
in skillfully moving the body through space. In contrast, body composition
did not significantly predict an individual‘s object manipulation performance.
The researchers conclude that BMI has limited capabilities in assessing mo-
tor abilities.The purpose of our research was to determine the relationship be-
tween BMI and explosive power (leg), balance and coordination in preschool
children. Rapid movement units are responsible for the expression of explosive
power, but it is related to transverse dimensions of the body and muscle mass.
Concentric muscle contractions occur in the manifestation of explosive pow-
er. Rarely, explosive power manifests itself in eccentric forms of muscle tension.
Pistotnik (2011) states that explosive power appears as the maximum initial ac-
celeration, which is achieved when moving the body in space or when acting on
objects in the environment. So it is the ability to activate the maximum num-
ber of motor units in the shortest possible time. Innate explosive power is rela-
tively high (h2 = 0.80), so it can only be trained to a lesser extent. Videmšek &
Pišot (2007) add that explosive power is the ability for a maximum initial ac-
celeration of the body in space, such as starting, jumping and throwing. Pis-
totnik, Pinter & Dolenc (2002) believe that it is characterized by the rapid mo-
bilization of a large amount of muscle power in a very short time. It manifests
itself mainly in acyclic movement types of jumping, in throws and kicks, and
in short sprints.
The development of coordination begins already in the fetal period, as the
fetus gains its first movement experience in the mother‘s body. Pistotnik (2011)
defines coordination as the ability to perform complex movement tasks and
their effective design. Cemič (1997) describes coordination as the deliberate co-
ordination of body movements in relation to space and time. The coefficient of
innateness in coordination is relatively high (h2 = 0.80), and its expressiveness
depends on the good functioning of the central nervous system (Videmšek et
al., 2003). Also Pistotnik et al. (2003) state the important role of sensory in
the formation of movement programs and in their execution. Without ade-
quate acceptance and discrimination of the spatial and temporal parameters
of movements and without a good kinesthetic feeling, it is not possible to per-
form the coordination of the required movements. Videmšek & Pišot (2007)
state that movement coordination is the ability responsible for the effective de-
sign and execution of complex movement tasks, and that this ability is the most
characteristic of humans in the motor skills of all living beings.
Balance is the ability to quickly form compensatory or replacement move-
ments, which are necessary to return the body to a balanced position when it
is disturbed (Pistotnik, 2003), and at the same time, balance is the ability to
maintain a stable position (Videmšek et al., 2003). In order to maintain bal-
ance, it is necessary to constantly and quickly create an appropriate movement
ponents of body composition have different effects on the development of mo-
tor abilities. Thus, excess body fat may be a major morphological limitation
in skillfully moving the body through space. In contrast, body composition
did not significantly predict an individual‘s object manipulation performance.
The researchers conclude that BMI has limited capabilities in assessing mo-
tor abilities.The purpose of our research was to determine the relationship be-
tween BMI and explosive power (leg), balance and coordination in preschool
children. Rapid movement units are responsible for the expression of explosive
power, but it is related to transverse dimensions of the body and muscle mass.
Concentric muscle contractions occur in the manifestation of explosive pow-
er. Rarely, explosive power manifests itself in eccentric forms of muscle tension.
Pistotnik (2011) states that explosive power appears as the maximum initial ac-
celeration, which is achieved when moving the body in space or when acting on
objects in the environment. So it is the ability to activate the maximum num-
ber of motor units in the shortest possible time. Innate explosive power is rela-
tively high (h2 = 0.80), so it can only be trained to a lesser extent. Videmšek &
Pišot (2007) add that explosive power is the ability for a maximum initial ac-
celeration of the body in space, such as starting, jumping and throwing. Pis-
totnik, Pinter & Dolenc (2002) believe that it is characterized by the rapid mo-
bilization of a large amount of muscle power in a very short time. It manifests
itself mainly in acyclic movement types of jumping, in throws and kicks, and
in short sprints.
The development of coordination begins already in the fetal period, as the
fetus gains its first movement experience in the mother‘s body. Pistotnik (2011)
defines coordination as the ability to perform complex movement tasks and
their effective design. Cemič (1997) describes coordination as the deliberate co-
ordination of body movements in relation to space and time. The coefficient of
innateness in coordination is relatively high (h2 = 0.80), and its expressiveness
depends on the good functioning of the central nervous system (Videmšek et
al., 2003). Also Pistotnik et al. (2003) state the important role of sensory in
the formation of movement programs and in their execution. Without ade-
quate acceptance and discrimination of the spatial and temporal parameters
of movements and without a good kinesthetic feeling, it is not possible to per-
form the coordination of the required movements. Videmšek & Pišot (2007)
state that movement coordination is the ability responsible for the effective de-
sign and execution of complex movement tasks, and that this ability is the most
characteristic of humans in the motor skills of all living beings.
Balance is the ability to quickly form compensatory or replacement move-
ments, which are necessary to return the body to a balanced position when it
is disturbed (Pistotnik, 2003), and at the same time, balance is the ability to
maintain a stable position (Videmšek et al., 2003). In order to maintain bal-
ance, it is necessary to constantly and quickly create an appropriate movement
