Page 154 - Petelin Ana. Ur. 2022. Zdravje otrok in mladostnikov / Health of children and adolescents. Proceedings. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press
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avje otrok in mladostnikov | health of children and adolescents 154 program that contains corrective movements. However, in order to design ap-
propriate programs, it is necessary to combine information from the environ-
ment, the senses of sight and hearing, and the balance organ in the middle ear
(Videmšek et al., 2003). The ability to balance is also important in everyday
life. As a person ages, the ability to balance decreases, but with suitable exercis-
es, it can be maintained even into old age (Videmšek &Pišot, 2007). Škof et al.
(2016) call the ability to perceive the position of posture and movement of indi-
vidual body parts in space and time proprioception - a continuous flow of in-
formation from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system. Skin, mus-
cle, tendon and joint receptors, the organ of vision and the organ of balance are
also involved. Based on these, movement responses are formed to maintain or
establish balance. Pistotnik (2011) defines two emergent forms of balance: The
ability to establish a balance position (as quickly as possible to position in a bal-
anced position after previous disorders of the receptors of the vestibular appa-
ratus) and the ability to maintain a balance position (quick formation of com-
pensatory movements that are proportional to deviations of the body from a
stable position in balance position). Pistotnik et al. (2002) believe that the abil-
ity to maintain balance comes to the fore when we move on a reduced surface
(skating, alpine skiing, walking in the mountains, etc.). Then, during the move-
ment, there are rapid and large changes in the position of the body (change in
the direction of movement or stopping or after the completion of rotational
movements).
Methods
The sample consists of five to six-year-old children (N = 75). We calculated BMI
based on their height and weight, and with the help of motor tests (Rančnik,
2021) we evaluated their motor abilities: explosive power, balance and coordi-
nation.
For the explosive power, we used the results of motor tests that suppo-
sedly explain the explosive power of the legs (Long jump from a standing po-
sition, One-legged jumps on the left leg and One-leg jumps on the right leg).
For the balance, we used the results of motor tests that supposedly explain ba-
lance (Walking backward on a beam, Spinning around one‘s axis, Standing on
one leg with eyes open, One-legged hops on the left leg and One-legged hops on
the right leg). For the coordination, we used the results of motor tests that su-
pposedly explain coordination (Walking on all fours through rings backward
One-legged hops on the left leg and One-legged hops on the right leg).
In accordance with the doctrine of the World Health Organization
(WHO: BMI for age 5–19 years), the BMI value was classified into three catego-
ries (BMI rank): normal body weight (N = 54), overweight (N = 5) and obesi-
ty (N = 16). To analyze the association between BMI and motor test results, we
calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient.
propriate programs, it is necessary to combine information from the environ-
ment, the senses of sight and hearing, and the balance organ in the middle ear
(Videmšek et al., 2003). The ability to balance is also important in everyday
life. As a person ages, the ability to balance decreases, but with suitable exercis-
es, it can be maintained even into old age (Videmšek &Pišot, 2007). Škof et al.
(2016) call the ability to perceive the position of posture and movement of indi-
vidual body parts in space and time proprioception - a continuous flow of in-
formation from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system. Skin, mus-
cle, tendon and joint receptors, the organ of vision and the organ of balance are
also involved. Based on these, movement responses are formed to maintain or
establish balance. Pistotnik (2011) defines two emergent forms of balance: The
ability to establish a balance position (as quickly as possible to position in a bal-
anced position after previous disorders of the receptors of the vestibular appa-
ratus) and the ability to maintain a balance position (quick formation of com-
pensatory movements that are proportional to deviations of the body from a
stable position in balance position). Pistotnik et al. (2002) believe that the abil-
ity to maintain balance comes to the fore when we move on a reduced surface
(skating, alpine skiing, walking in the mountains, etc.). Then, during the move-
ment, there are rapid and large changes in the position of the body (change in
the direction of movement or stopping or after the completion of rotational
movements).
Methods
The sample consists of five to six-year-old children (N = 75). We calculated BMI
based on their height and weight, and with the help of motor tests (Rančnik,
2021) we evaluated their motor abilities: explosive power, balance and coordi-
nation.
For the explosive power, we used the results of motor tests that suppo-
sedly explain the explosive power of the legs (Long jump from a standing po-
sition, One-legged jumps on the left leg and One-leg jumps on the right leg).
For the balance, we used the results of motor tests that supposedly explain ba-
lance (Walking backward on a beam, Spinning around one‘s axis, Standing on
one leg with eyes open, One-legged hops on the left leg and One-legged hops on
the right leg). For the coordination, we used the results of motor tests that su-
pposedly explain coordination (Walking on all fours through rings backward
One-legged hops on the left leg and One-legged hops on the right leg).
In accordance with the doctrine of the World Health Organization
(WHO: BMI for age 5–19 years), the BMI value was classified into three catego-
ries (BMI rank): normal body weight (N = 54), overweight (N = 5) and obesi-
ty (N = 16). To analyze the association between BMI and motor test results, we
calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient.
