Page 220 - International Perspectives on Effective Teaching and Learning in Digital Education

Boris Ilić et al.

Internet Connection Speeds
Another crucial factor is internet connectivity. A fast and reliable internet
connection allows for smooth streaming of lectures, real-time interactions,
and quick access to resources. Slow or unstable connections can disrupt live
sessions, causing students to miss important information and reducing their
ability to participate actively. Banna et al. (15) highlighted that technical
difficulties, such as poor internet connections, can hinder engagement in
synchronous learning sessions (Banna et al., 15).
O’Doherty et al. (18) highlighted multiple barriers to online learning in
medical education, including inadequate infrastructure, time constraints,
and limited institutional support. While technical issues such as internet
connectivity can contribute to disengagement, a comprehensive approach
addressing faculty training and strategic support is essential for effective
distance learning (O’Doherty et al., 18). The asynchronous nature of some
online courses can mitigate this issue, but it often lacks the immediacy and
interactive benefits of synchronous learning (Hrastinski, 9).
Furthermore, disparities in high-speed internet access can exacerbate edu-
cational inequities for some individuals. Students who come from rural areas
or low-income families may not have access to dependable internet, which
can put them at a disadvantage (Anderson & Perrin, 18). Educational institu-
tions should acknowledge these discrepancies and offer assistance or options
for students experiencing connectivity problems. This could involve giving ac-
cess to downloadable content, supplying internet allowances, or guarantee-
ing campus facilities are open with appropriate health and safety protocols.
The digital divide impacts both access and the level of engagement. Kay
and Lauricella (11) stated that students who have improved internet access
are more inclined to utilize advanced aspects of online platforms, which en-
riches their educational experience. Hence, it is crucial to focus on internet
connectivity for fair and successful distance education.

Pedagogical Factors
Teaching Strategies and Interactivity
While technology provides the platform for online learning, the teaching
methods used play a significant role in how engaged students are. A me-
ta-analysis found that active learning approaches, such as peer discussions
and problem-solving exercises, significantly increased exam performance
and reduced failure rates compared to traditional lectures (Freeman et al.,
14). Techniques like collaborative projects, discussions, and problem-based

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