Page 23 - World Heritage and Tourism Innovation

Hiyab Gebretsadik Weldearegay Critics on Heritage Laws and Tourism Politics in Ethiopia

of knowledge in the area; this requires a knowledge Ethiopian heritages and articulate them because of
extension type of discourse that fills the rift of exhaus- the Ethiopian tourism remuneration landscape.
tiveness and the ideological vacuum. Second, they do
not show how they are reflected by what applies in Specific Objectives
what context, especially in multi-national federations To analyse the substantive spirit and essence of the
like Ethiopia, historically polarised states, develop- FDRE constitution on mandate jurisdiction about her-
mental states, liberal economies, and different types itage matters between Federal and State Governments
of markets and levels of economies. Third, there are To evaluate the Constitutional Permissibility of
no such grounded empirical pieces of evidence else- FDRE Proclamation No. 209/2000
where; to the researcher’s knowledge, they are not To evaluate the validity of FDRE Heritage Proc-
vindicated and verified empirically, especially in Ethi- lamation No. 209/2000 against international decla-
opia; this again demands corroboration and substan- rations on the right of indigenous peoples regarding
tiation type of research in Ethiopia. Five, there are no heritage self-determination
agreed and exhaustive pieces of literature in this re- To articulate the potential adverse effects of FDRE
gard, and no antitheses sufficiently provided. This pa- Heritage Proclamation No. 209/2000 in the Ethiopian
per sees these problems as an apparent scientific rift. Tourism remuneration landscape
A semi-exploratory type of discourse should warrant
initial investigation to fill the need to establish a new Literature Review
theory adequately. Literature-Map on the Discourse of Enquiry
Probing along these lines of dialects at the phe- Literature mapping discourse of this study has re-
nomenal levels, apart from the above academic aspects vealed that there are many areas of research in Her-
of the necessities, and with regards to Ethiopian con- itage and Tourism related politics: one aspect of lit-
text leads that the issue requires clear articulation of erature is heritage laws, governance, and tourism
the Constitution of the FDRE on account of its essence (Wight & Lennon, 2007; Darian-Smith, 2013; Anker,
and substantive spirit on mandate jurisdiction about 2014; Soderland & Lilley, 2015; McCamley & Gilmore,
heritage governance and ownership matters between 2017; Berman, 2012; Carpenter & Riley, 2014; Klabbers
Federal and State Governments. Second, it requires & Piiparinen, 2013; Al-Ansi et al., 2021). The second
evaluating the FDRE Proclamation No. 209/2000 on significant stream is public policy and tourism politics
account of Constitutional permissibility. Third, there (Kerr et al., 2001; Hall & Rusher, 2004; Krutwaysho
is a need to validate the FDRE Heritage Proclama- & Bramwell, 2010). Another stream of study is the
tion No. 209/2000 against international declarations heritage economics and political economy of tour-
on the right of indigenous peoples regarding herit- ism (Bramwell, 2011; Nelson, 2012; Nunkoo & Smith,
age self-determination; fourth, it requires analytical 2013).
articulation on the potential adverse effects of FDRE
Heritage Proclamation No. 209/2000 in Ethiopian Literature Review on Heritage Laws, Governance
Tourism on account of its remuneration landscape and Politics
and overall industrial vigorousness. These all together Merryman (1986) articulates two competing dimen-
necessitated the applied aspect of the current research sions of the ownership ladder of cultural property:
discourse. Hence, the discourse features at both the one as the common culture of all humanity embod-
conceptual and the unprecedented levels, as indicated ied in the 1954 Hague Convention and the other as
in the above two paragraphs. belonging to certain nations represented in the 1970
UNESCO Convention. However, there is a third way
Objectives of the Study to it (Lixinski, 2019), where the host community is
This research aims to analyse the permissibility of brought upfront or at least to the centre from the back
the federal legal frameworks established generally on seat (Lixinski, 2019; Al-Ansi et al., 2021) in the dichot-

Proceedings of the 7th UNESCO UNITWIN Conference | 19