Page 46 - Petelin Ana. Ur. 2022. Zdravje otrok in mladostnikov / Health of children and adolescents. Proceedings. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press
P. 46
avje otrok in mladostnikov | health of children and adolescents 46 al value. Flavour of fruits, vegetables and other foods is more rich, traditional
(Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano, 2018).
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids and can be found in berries,
aronia and grapes (Tsuda, 2011; Ramos, 2014). Some researches on animals im-
ply they may have a role in obesity management (Tsuda, 2011); adipose cells
function improvement; improved metabolism of triacilglicerides; and they
might reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and obesity (Ramos,
2014). Researches on humans have alighted the role of anthocyanins in man-
agement of type 2 diabetes and in prevention of cardiovascular diseases (Tsu-
da, 2011; Ramos, 2014).
It has been prooven that vitamin C has antioxidative properties, how-
ever taking vitamin C in dietary supplements does not lower risk for diseas-
es, such as stroke or cancer. However, it has shown beneficial effects in women
who were pregnant and smoking, they had lower risk for an early birth (Hig-
don, Drake, Angelo and Delage, 2018). Less ripe fruits contain more acids, in-
cluding vitamin C, their content decreases with ripening (Mikulič-Petkovšek,
Koron, Zorenc and Veberič, 2017). Vitamin C is important in a process of re-
storing other antioxidants, such as vitamin E. It protects leukocytes from be-
ing damaged by oxidation. Recommended daily allowance differs among dif-
ferent age groups. For children it is lower, for adults higher (Higdon, Drake,
Angelo, et al., 2018).
The most energy consumed with berries comes from sugars, both glucose
and fructose (Burton-Freeman, Sandhu and Edirisinghe, 2016), thus consump-
tion of fruits (150–250g per day) should be lower than of vegetables (250–400g
per day) (Hlastan Ribič, 2009).
Conclusions
Traditional slovenian breakfast is suitable for pupils in both macronutrient
composition and energy intake. Eventhough it exeedes the guidelines for ener-
gy intake with snack (16% instead of 10–15%), we concluded pupils need ener-
gy for concentration during classes and physical education. For the same rea-
sons we support breakfast being more abundant in carbohydrates and poor in
fats as the guidelines instruct. Lower content of fats is beneficial from the view
of type of fatty acids, since it contains mostly saturated fatty acids from but-
ter and milk. We propose substitution of part of butter with walnuts, thus chil-
dren would consume unsaturated fatty acids as well. We would like to empha-
size it is also important that pupils recieve detailed instructions how much of
each food they can consume, e.g. one tea spoon of honey.
The two projects are very different, but we found a connection. The con-
nection is local food production. Looking from this perspective, those projects
complement each other. The project Traditional slovenian breakfast is educat-
ing pupils why local food production is more environment friendly and why lo-
cally produced food has higher nutritional value, among other topics. Project 2°
(Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano, 2018).
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids and can be found in berries,
aronia and grapes (Tsuda, 2011; Ramos, 2014). Some researches on animals im-
ply they may have a role in obesity management (Tsuda, 2011); adipose cells
function improvement; improved metabolism of triacilglicerides; and they
might reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and obesity (Ramos,
2014). Researches on humans have alighted the role of anthocyanins in man-
agement of type 2 diabetes and in prevention of cardiovascular diseases (Tsu-
da, 2011; Ramos, 2014).
It has been prooven that vitamin C has antioxidative properties, how-
ever taking vitamin C in dietary supplements does not lower risk for diseas-
es, such as stroke or cancer. However, it has shown beneficial effects in women
who were pregnant and smoking, they had lower risk for an early birth (Hig-
don, Drake, Angelo and Delage, 2018). Less ripe fruits contain more acids, in-
cluding vitamin C, their content decreases with ripening (Mikulič-Petkovšek,
Koron, Zorenc and Veberič, 2017). Vitamin C is important in a process of re-
storing other antioxidants, such as vitamin E. It protects leukocytes from be-
ing damaged by oxidation. Recommended daily allowance differs among dif-
ferent age groups. For children it is lower, for adults higher (Higdon, Drake,
Angelo, et al., 2018).
The most energy consumed with berries comes from sugars, both glucose
and fructose (Burton-Freeman, Sandhu and Edirisinghe, 2016), thus consump-
tion of fruits (150–250g per day) should be lower than of vegetables (250–400g
per day) (Hlastan Ribič, 2009).
Conclusions
Traditional slovenian breakfast is suitable for pupils in both macronutrient
composition and energy intake. Eventhough it exeedes the guidelines for ener-
gy intake with snack (16% instead of 10–15%), we concluded pupils need ener-
gy for concentration during classes and physical education. For the same rea-
sons we support breakfast being more abundant in carbohydrates and poor in
fats as the guidelines instruct. Lower content of fats is beneficial from the view
of type of fatty acids, since it contains mostly saturated fatty acids from but-
ter and milk. We propose substitution of part of butter with walnuts, thus chil-
dren would consume unsaturated fatty acids as well. We would like to empha-
size it is also important that pupils recieve detailed instructions how much of
each food they can consume, e.g. one tea spoon of honey.
The two projects are very different, but we found a connection. The con-
nection is local food production. Looking from this perspective, those projects
complement each other. The project Traditional slovenian breakfast is educat-
ing pupils why local food production is more environment friendly and why lo-
cally produced food has higher nutritional value, among other topics. Project 2°
