Page 155 - Izobraževanje v dobi generativne umetne inteligence

Generative AI and the Croatian Educational System

Regulations and Governmental Initiatives on Generative AI
in Education in Croatia
The Republic of Croatia has recognised the importance of the development
of artificial intelligence and is, at the same time, one of the signatories of the
Declaration on Artificial Intelligence Cooperation (signed in July 2018). The
current guidelines, policies, and standards governing the use of Generative
Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in education within Croatia and the European Un-
ion (EU) rely on existing legislative frameworks, ethical guidelines, and avail-
able technological solutions.

International Legislative and Regulatory Framework
The EU has established several key regulations that impact the deployment
of AI technologies in education:

− Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) (Regulation, 2024): Enforced from 1
August 2024, the AI Act classifies AI applications based on risk levels—
unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. Educational applications of-
ten fall under ‘high-risk’ due to their significant impact on individuals’
rights and well-being. These applications must adhere to strict require-
ments concerning transparency, safety, and human oversight.
− General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation, 2016) : This
regulation ensures the protection of personal data within the EU, man-
dating that AI systems processing personal data in educational con-
texts comply with data privacy and security standards.

Croatia, as an EU member state, aligns its national legislation with these EU
directives, ensuring that AI applications in education conform to both EU and
national legal requirements.
Several organisations have developed ethical guidelines to support the re-
sponsible use of AI in education:

− UNESCO’s Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research (UNE-
SCO, 2023): This framework assists countries in implementing immedi-
ate actions and formulating long-term policies to ensure a human-cen-
tred approach to GAI in education.
− European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) Guidelines on Generative AI
(European Data Protection Supervisor, 2024): These guidelines help EU in-
stitutions comply with data protection obligations when using or develop-
ing GAI tools, emphasising the importance of safeguarding personal data.

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